![]() Relative bearing alone is not an overly significant number. An NDB with a relative bearing of 90 degrees lies off the right wingtip, while one with a relative bearing of 180 is directly behind the aircraft. The needle points at the relative bearing to the NDB, which is read in degrees from the dial. When viewed from the cockpit, the ADF instrument has a face that displays the number of degrees from 0 at the top to 359 going clockwise. Anything that affects it will be evident in the audio as well. Monitoring the audio transmissions from the beacon will also alert the pilot to any potential interference with the navigational signal. That necessitates the constant monitoring of the morse code identification while using an NDB as the only source of navigation. Unlike VORs, NDBs do not have a flag to indicate if a station goes off the air. The audio panel is used to listen to the station’s audio transmission, which should be a morse code station identification. The second step is to verify that the station is transmitting and properly selected. An ADF in the aircraft can receive AM radio stations, and they can even be used to navigate.įred The Oyster ADF Equipment points to the direction of an NDB For example, B646 (Blue 646) crosses from Mexico to The Bahamas through the Florida Keys and G13 (Green 13) lies along the Outer Banks of North Carolina.Ĭommercial AM radio stations also transmit on a similar frequency range, from 540 to 1600 kHz. While VOR airways are known as Victor Airways, with designations like V-3, NDB airways are known as colored airways. There are still a few “low-frequency airways” around. NDBs can be used just like VORs are to define an airway. NDBs are described in Chapter 1-1-2 of the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). They are described as low or medium-frequency. Station frequencies are in the AM bandwidth, from 190 to 1750 kHz. To use an ADF, the pilot begins by selecting the station with which they want to navigate. The arrow simply points straight at the programmed NDB’s position in relation to the aircraft. ![]() Based on simple AM-radio ground stations called NDBs (non-directional beacons), an ADF is an aircraft instrument with a directional arrow-shaped pointer. ADF stands for automatic direction finder.
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